Creation Scientifically Proven Essay - 1537 Words

An atheist is someone who does not believe in a God or creation, but this leads to a sort of problem in beliefs throughout the world and it attacks past heritages and religions. Is there not a God and if there was, can it be scientifically proven? With this concept in mind scientist can make a new set of theories in Macroevolution, which is the study of evolution in large portions such as the universe. With this, we find all sorts of ideas but no proven answers, as there is small evidence to the beginning of the world. We can use theories to answer creation or deny it, for religious science theories are different from atheist perspective. Religious science has a reason and more evidence tied to the past events even though some argue you†¦show more content†¦This is why even Atheist has to take a stand in beliefs or depression and purposelessness takes over. On can also argue to the fact that Atheist believes nothing created everything known as the Big Bang, which is the crea tion of everything in a matter of seconds from nothing. This is nonscientific and is too spontaneous and random when realizing how delicately made everything is. It is evident that these atheist are trying without much success on getting away from transcendent views in creation just like scientist in early times believed the earth was flat and would not accept for a long time its sphere shape evidence. There is plenty of theories to contemplate when it comes to creation, one major standing question in the world is evolution. Reiss, Michael who wrote The Relationship between Evolutionary Biology and Religion† states that the idea of evolution is that the earth was made â€Å"4600 million years ago† and consisted of molecules not living. It is believed that small creatures were made from the inorganic molecules then evolved into specified creatures from one â€Å"common ancestor† (5). This is argued as a form of spontaneous creation that cannot be true because something or someone had to make the life somehow. Many Christians and other religious people who believe in evolution see it as a popular idea that are sometimes biased ideas. What can science really hold to this idea with scientific reasoning other than we all came from monkey origins?Show MoreRelatedCreation Versus Evolution in Schools770 Words   |  3 PagesCreation vs. Evolution: the School Front Despite great efforts to convince the opposing belief for centuries, a battle still brews amongst creationists and evolutionists over the beginning of life and the universe, but neither opinions’ palpability can be firmly upheld through scientific manners. Since science can only prove hypotheses that are testable and based on current observations, neither creation nor evolutionary concepts can be proven with irrefutable evidence. However, regardless of theRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution Or Intelligent Design1677 Words   |  7 Pagesown beliefs, and many Intelligent Design proponents say that by banning their teachings from schools the government is denying this right to students, effectively creating its own form of state religion. Afterall, there is no way to conclusively scientifically prove that there is no supernatural forces at play in the universe, so the assumption against the supernatural is itself a religious belief. This enhances the argument that the theory of evolution has its own issues, including gaps in the fossilRead MoreThe Scopes Monkey Trial And On Debating The Legality Of Teaching Evolution1037 Words   |  5 Pagesstill issues that arise with teaching evolution it is currently accepted more than it is debated against. Evolution is a scientifically tested and proven concept and should be taught in science classes. The biggest argument against evolution is religion. The creation of the universe has many different stories told in many different religions. Evolution disproves many of these creation stories. For example, if the Christian God created the universe in seven days and this included all of the animals,Read MoreThe Controversy Surrounding Genetically Engineered Foods And The Use Of Biotechnology823 Words   |  4 PagesFood Biotechnology There is much controversy surrounding genetically engineered (GE) foods and the use of biotechnology. However, they offer many scientifically proven advantages that could have a dramatic impact on world hunger and our environment in the near future. At the same time, the public is asking many good questions and raising concerns about what long term negative effects genetically engineered foods may have on the population’s health and the environment. Never the less, based on theRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution in the Public Schools1342 Words   |  6 Pagesobservations, neither creation nor evolutionary concepts can be proven with irrefutable evidence. However, regardless of the inability to prove either concept, most public school systems promote evolution as a scientific fact. Many students who lack firm beliefs about the origin of life believe what they are taught without giving any personal thought to the matter. Instead of robotically absorbing biased informa tion, schools should present information about evolution and creation to students and promoteRead MoreGeorge Mccready Price ( Or George Edward Price1914 Words   |  8 Pagesbe separate, which caused some issues among non Adventists and Adventists (Numbers, p. 101). The major argument for creationism is, it’s proven scientifically (as well as evolution) and it make more sense Religious than evolution does because in creationism,species were created at a certain time, which supports the book of Genesis in the seven day creation story that God made animals, light and humans all at different times (Numbers, p. 197). In the Bible, Genesis chapter 1, it talked about howRead MoreCreation Myths And Its Impact On Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesof how our world came to be. Whether we are in church, the synagogue, or the temple humans have established ideologies. Humans use the creation myths to bring about some understanding as to how humans magically or purposely inhabited the earth. However, even though myths satisfy this yearning for how and why, the scientific world revolted with the idea that creation myths are no longer satisfactory. In unison paleoanthropologists and archeologists along with many other historians said that we as humansR ead MoreCreation vs. Evolution Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesanswer. In fact, the creation theory offers a more feasible answer to the origins of the universe than the evolution theory does. Creation has the backings of the Bible, an extraordinarily credible book; where evolution provides a theory with many holes in it. Too frequently the Bible is considered a weak argument, but why? When using the Bible as a reference for any argument, the accuracy of the Bible is quickly questioned. The Bible, in fact, is actually one of the most proven books in history.Read MoreHum105 Cosimic Creation Myths1037 Words   |  5 PagesCosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures Alexi LaBrenz HUM 105 Professor Jordan â€Å"Chris† April 10, 2016 Cosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures When discussing different cosmic creation myths, something to remember is the style of creation myth it is. There are nine different styles of myths when talking about creation: accretion or conjunction, secretion, sacrifice, division or consummation, earth-diver, emergence, two creators, deus faber, and ex nihillo. For the purpose of discussing the NorseRead MoreThe Recreation Of Life956 Words   |  4 Pages only one survived. On top of his reasoning behind the lack of sufficient technology present day to support successful human cloning, he describes a lack of quality of life and an issue of being born into a prematurely aged state of being. He scientifically backs this claim by discussing the degradation of telomeres in chromosomes as one ages, which could likely result in defects and premature aging. While reading the discussions imposed by Tooley in regards to cloning humans for the purpose of being

Parenting Styles in the Family Crucible Essay - 2389 Words

The Family Crucible: The Intense Experience of Family Therapy In The Family Crucible, a unique way of looking at family therapy is used. This approach probably would not be something that would be done by therapist now. The more that we study systemic approaches the less I believe that there are any individual problems. With that being said there is a long reach that effects of parenting has on a child. * . Describe how Carolyn and David fit in terms of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive forms of parenting. * Authoritative parents set clear and consistent limits for children. They are flexible but firm, whichs leads to children who are responsible, cooperative, and self reliant. * There are almost as many†¦show more content†¦However, they may lack self-discipline. Unlike children raised by authoritative parents, children raised by authoritarian parents are not encouraged to explore and act independently, so they never really learn how to set their own limits and personal standards. While developmental experts agree that rules and boundaries are important for children to have, most believe that authoritarian parenting is too punitive and lacks the warmth, unconditional love and nurturing that children need. References Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-88. Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017. Santrock, J.W. (2007). A topical approach to life-span development, third Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. , I believe the authors’ were instrumental in providing a clear example of what the family really needed and searched for. The family needed to realize that in order for the family to make a real change they need to utilize a structure that included the entire family. They also needed to know that the therapists were completely seriousShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEffective Leaders 396 Selecting Leaders 396 †¢ Training Leaders 396 CONTENTS xv Summary and Implications for Managers 397 S A S A L L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Leadership Style? 368 Self-Assessment Library What’s My LPC Score? 373 glOBalization! Cross-Cultural Leadership Styles 378 Self-Assessment Library How Charismatic Am I? 382 Self-Assessment Library Am I an Ethical Leader? 386 An Ethical Choice Do Leaders Have a Responsibility to Protect Followers? 388 Myth or Science

Asian Music free essay sample

The music of Java, Sumatra, Bali, Floors and other islands have been commented and recorded, and research by Indonesian and international scholars is ongoing. The music in Indonesia predates historical records; various Native Indonesian tribes often incorporate chants and songs accompanied with music instruments in their rituals. Today the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular in the region, including neighboring countries; Malaysia, Singapore and Brunet. Musical Instruments The musical identity of Indonesia as we know it today began as the Bronze Age culture migrated to the Indonesian archipelago in the 2nd-3rd century BC.Traditional music of Indonesian tribes often use percussion instruments, especially sending (drums) and gongs. Some of them developed elaborate and distinctive musical instruments, such as sanded string instrument of Rote island, angling of Sundaes people, and the complex and sophisticated gametal orchestra of Java and Bali. * Gametal The most popular and famous form of Indonesian music is probably gametal, an ensemble of tuned percussion instruments that include metamorphoses, drums, gongs and spike fiddles along with bamboo flutes. We will write a custom essay sample on Asian Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similar ensembles are prevalent throughout Indonesia and Malaysia, however Amelia is originated from Java, Bali, and Lomb. In Central Java, gametal is intricate and meticulously lay out. The central melody is played on a metamorphose in the center of the orchestra, while the front elaboration and d ornamentation on the melody, and, at the back, the gongs slowly punctuate the music. There are two tuning systems. Each Gametal is tuned to itself, and the intervals between notes on the scale vary between ensembles. Specializing Specializing is a type of instrumental music that is highly improvisational and popular in parts of West Java that employs two instruments, icecap(zither) ND sluing (bamboo flute). It is related to temperaments. * Angling Angling is a bamboo musical instrument native to Sundaes people of West Java. It is made out of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved so that they have a distinctive resonant pitch when being vibrated. Each angling only plays one note. Culminating Collating or culminating is a bronze and wooden percussion instrument native to eastern Indonesia and also The Philippines. In Indonesia it is particularly associated with Mishaps people of North Sulkies, however it also popular in Manual and Timer. * Sanded Sanded is a plucked string instrument native of Rote island of East NASA Teenager. The parts of sanded are a bamboo cylinder surrounded by several wedges where the strings are stretched, surrounded by a bag-like fan of dried Intra or Palmyra leafs (Oversimplification), functioned as the resonator of the instrument.Genres The diverse world of Indonesian music genres was the result of the musical creativity of its people, and also the subsequent cultural encounters with foreign musical influences into the archipelago. Next to distinctive native form of music, several genres can traces its origin to foreign influences; such as ambush and said from Middle Eastern Islamic music, crooning from Portuguese influences, and dangled with notable Hindi music influence. Temperaments Temperaments, also called commissionaires, or just Caucasian, is a form of sung poetry which arose in the colonial-era of Cinnabar. It was first known as an aristocratic art; one Caucasian composer was R. A. A. Summarizing (Dilettantism), ruler of Cinnabar (1834-1862). The instruments of Caucasian are capturing, cappuccino and sluing or bamboo flute, and rehab for Calendar compositions. The lyrics are typically sung in free errs, but a more modern version, Panamanian, is metrical.It is usually the drums. * Japanning Rhythm is liable to change seemingly randomly, making dancing difficult for most listeners. Its instruments are entirely Sundaes, completely without imported instruments. It was invented by artists like Summarizing after Creditworthiness rock and roll and other western genres in the ass. * Gammas Gammas literally means duo, referring to a type of lute or 12-string pear- shaped guitar, is the Middle-Eastern-derived Islamic vocal and instrumental music.These traditions began to be incorporated throughout many areas of Indonesia by the 16th century. * Said modern Said is an ancient Arabic word for religious poetry accompanied by chanting and percussion. Said modern adapts this for pop audiences. It is used to denote a type of orchestra and the music it plays, believed to be introduced by Muslim settlers from Yemen. Said modern were derived from Islamic pop, adding local dialects and lyrics that address Indonesian contemporary issues. Though popular among Arabs in Indonesia, it has gained little popularity elsewhere. The contemporary form Of Islamic Middle eastern influenced music in Indonesia is Debut that treating suffix approach on music to spread their message. * Crooning Crooning (alternative spelling: Crooning) has been evolving since the arrival of the Portuguese, who brought with them European instruments. By the early 1 sass, it was considered a low-class urban music. This changed in the sass, when the rising Indonesian film industry began incorporating crooning.And then even more so in the mid- to late sass, it became associated with thesauruses for independence. Perhaps the most famous song in the crooning style is Vanguard Solo, written in 1940 by Conglomerations, a Colonels musician. Written during the Japanese Imperial Army occupation of the island in World War II, the song (about the Bengal Solo River, Javas longest and most important river) became widely popular among the Javanese, and then later nationally when recordings were broadcast over the local radio stations.The song also became quite popular with the Japanese soldiers, and when they returned to Japan at the end of the war re-recordings of it (by Japanese artists) became best-sellers. Over the years it has been re-released many times by notable artists, mainly within Asia but also beyond (like Angered ¶only), and in some laces it is seen as typifying Indonesian music. Sang himself remains the most renowned exponent of the style, which although it is seen now as a somewhat starchy and dated form is still popular among large segments of the population, particularly the older generation.After the World War II and during Indonesian National Revolution (1945?1949) and afterwards, crooning was associated with patriotism, since many of Indonesian poets and patriotic songs authors uses crooning and somewhat jazz fusion as the genre of their works. The patriotic theme and romantic wartime romance was obvious in the works of Small Markup, such as Remuneratively, Indonesia Pupas, Seaplane Mat Bola, Scaremongering and Guatemalan. These patriotic songs can be sung in hymn or even in orchestra, but most often was sung in crooning style known as groundbreakings (struggle crooning). The crooning divas; Walking, Consolidators and Hydrogenating, was instrumental in reviving the style in the sass. * Lawmaking or Timetabling There is a style of crooning native to Sauerkraut (Solo) called lawmaking, which fuses crooning with the gametal seven-note scale. * Kangarooing Early in the 20th century, crooning was used in a type of theater called [[simultaneously] ore Somnambulist]; adapted for this purpose, the music was called kangarooing. Kangarooing is quite prevalent in Betake culture officiator. Dangled Dangled was originally an Indonesian dance music that has spread throughout Southeast Asia, became the dominant pop style in the mid-1 sass. Famous for its throbbing beat and the slightly moralistic lyrics that appeal to Muslim youth, dangled stars dominate the modern pop scene. However dangled ? especially performed by female singers ? also often featuring suggestive dance movements and naughty lyrics to appeal the larger audience. This development was strongly opposed by the conservative older generation dangled artist.Dangled is based around the singers, and stars include Aroma Irma and Levy Ukases (the King and Queen of Dangled), Masseur S. , A. Raffia, Camellia Mali and F-Amy Kasbah; along with ICC Pyramid, Vie Tamale, Annuli Dramatist, Julia Perez and Dew Persist from younger generation. * Commissars A musical fusion style of traditional Javanese music and dangled that prevalent in Javanese cultural sphere, mainly Central Java, Yogurts and East Java. There is also Sundaes version of commissars prevalent in Banding region. Contemporary M USIA The contemporary music of Indonesia is diverse and vibrant. Throughout its history, Indonesian musicians were open to foreign influences of various music genres of the world. American jazz were heavily marketed in Asia, and foxtrots, tangos, rumbas, blues and Hawaiian guitar styles were all imitated by Indonesian musicians. As the result various genres were developed within Indonesian music frame; Indonesian pop, rock, jazz, and hip hop. Indonesian music also plays a vital role in the Indonesian creative pop culture, especially s the soundtracks or theme songs of Indonesian cinema and singletons (Indonesian TV drama).Indonesian popular film Vituperatively (1977) were also produced successful soundtrack hit with same title in the same year, the soundtrack was remarked in 1999 with Christy as the main singer and rendered by Erwin Cutaway in orchestra style. In 2007 the film also being remarked again with new soundtrack that still featuring same songs performed by you anger generation artist. Another popular Indonesian coming of age teen movie D ad Pediatricians (2002) also produced successful soundtrack hits with most songs written and reformed by Mollycoddles. Today Indonesian music industry enjoyed nationwide popularity. Thanks to common culture and intelligible languages between Indonesian and Malay, Indonesian music enjoyed regional popularity in neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Brunet. However the overwhelming popularity of Indonesian music in Malaysia had alarmed the Malaysian music industry. In 2008 Malaysian music industry demanded the restriction of Indonesian songs on Malaysian radio broadcasts. * Orchestra The classical music have reached Indonesia since the era of Dutch EastIndies as early as 1 8th century, enjoyed only by a handful fealty Dutch plantation owners and officers in elite social clubs and ballrooms such as Exterminations in Batavia and Societies Concordia in Banding. De Schubert van Batavia (today Guesstimating Jakarta) was designed as concert hall in 19th century. Associated as the music of refined, wealthy and educated high class citizen, the exclusive and prestigious classical music never pen etrate the whole population during East Indies colonial era. The type of western-derived music that transcends the social barrier at that time was Crooning, known as the lower-class music.An amateur group called Patchiest Philharmonic Orchestra was established in Dutch Colonial times, later it turned into the MINOR orchestra, as soon as the radio broadcasting station Neanderthals-lenience Radio Impressionability was born in 1912. Today it is known as Jakarta Symphony Orchestra that has existed in the countrys musical world for almost a century through its changing formats to suit prevailing trends and needs. In 1950, a merger of the Cosmopolitan Orchestra under Joel Clever and the Jakarta Studio Orchestra under Shouted and Sandbar appeared as the Djakarta Radio Orchestra underHankie Strike for classical repertoires, and the Jakarta Studio Orchestra led by Superficially specialized in Indonesian pieces. In 201 0 Jakarta Symphony Orchestra staged a comeback after a fairly long absence. In sass to 1 sass classical music in Indonesia aired mainly by the nation al radio broadcasting service Radio Republic Indonesia (RI) and the national TV station Teletypewriters Indonesia (TV) through their programs. During these decades, the classical orchestra mainly developed in Universities as extracurricular activity for students which include choir. In sass the group of repressions symphony orchestra start to took form, notably The Twilit Orchestra led by Edie MS, was founded in June 1991 , initially an ensemble with 20 musicians. The ensemble has developed since then into a full symphonic orchestra with 70 musicians, a 63-member Twilit Chorus, and a repertoire that ranges from Beethoven to The Beetles The orchestra has played a role in promoting Indonesian music, especially in the preservation of national songs by Indonesian composers and traditional songs.Aided by the Victorian Philharmonic Orchestra with the Twilit Chorus, Eddie MS re- recorded the Indonesian national anthem, Indonesia Ray, by WAR Superstar in its original orchestral arrangement by Joss Clever, as well as other Indonesian popular national songs in the album Confectioneries. Today, major cities like Jakarta, Banding, Yogurts and Curably are no strangers to orchestral music, with their own symphony groups. Jakarta, for instance, has its Angostura Symphony Orche stra, the Twilit Orchestra and the Jakarta Chamber Orchestra. Pop Indonesian pop music today is known simply as pop Indonesia is heavily influenced by trends and recordings from America. ] Although influences ranging broadlooms soundtracks to Hollywood pop acts are obvious, the Indonesian pop phenomena is not completely derivative; it expresses the sentiments and styles of contemporary Indonesian life. Goes Barracudas later formed as Goes Plus is considered as one of the pioneer of Indonesian pop and rock n roll music in sass and sass. The American and British music influences were obvious in the music of Keyboarders, The Beetles were known to be the main influences of this band.Several Indonesian pop and ballad singers were survived through decades and become Indonesian music legends, such as Infants, Frustratingly and Christy. Today, the popular ands include Petersen, Radar, Gig, Dew 19, Sheila on 7, Damasks and Indri, all of which tour regularly in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia and are featured on MAT Asia. Some of Indonesian pop bands are rekindle with their Malay roots and revived a genre called Band Pop Namely (Pop Malay Band) and popular in late sass. The pop Malay bands are Awaken Band, WALL, Historian, Armada, Angst, and SST 12.This genre is the contemporary form of old Ores Namely style, once popular in the region across Indonesia and Malaysia. The most recent foreign influences on Indonesian pop music are the style and genre of I-pop and K-pop. Several ands such as I-Rocks, Geisha, Dais and SMS*SSH banded are imitating the style of Japan and Korea pop culture. And also spreading new generation of Girl Band, side effect while banded founded in Indonesia, such a icons, Cherry Belle, and also JETTY. * Rock Just like pop music, Indonesian rock scene also heavily influenced by the development of rock music in America.The most influential Indonesian rock band was probably Panders and God Bless that popular in sass and 1 sass. In late 1 9805 to mid 1 9905 several female rock singers popularly known as Lady Rockers were famous in Indonesia, such as Knick Astrid, Nina Christie, unhanding that started her career in as a pop-rock singer in Indonesia before moving to France and pursue her international career. Other notable rock bands include Clank, Neutral, riff and Jammed. * Jazz fusion Some of Indonesian musicians and bands were exploring the jazz music.Notable Indonesian jazz musicians are; ModUlUS band, Karma band, Barry Laughing, Underclassman, Sharing,MaliDestination and Truism (Towpath, Dà ©butant, and Balkan). Various other groups fuse contemporary westernizes jazz fusion music with the traditional ethnic music traditions of their hometown. In the case f Sauerkraut and Sambaed, the bands from West Java, the traditional Conceptualizations and gametal orchestra is performed alongside drum set, keyboard and guitars. Other bands such as Bassoon Java were fused Javanese music with bassoon, while Skull fuse jazz with Balinese gametal.The Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival is performed annually, featuring famous International as well as Indonesian jazz musicians. It has become one of the most important Jazz events in the region. Many kind of jazz hang on in Indonesian Indiess project, such as Scouted, Sandy Sanford and many more non-label band or singer. And those music quality are not inferior and compete world class jazz. Music of Japan Prepared By: Cyrillic Anne Capitulation Traditional music varies not only according to historical conditions, but also according to social and geographical conditions.One of the most interesting facts about the study of the history of Japanese music is that almost all of the major music which originated in the Ancient (8th century), the Middle (9th-18th centuries) and the rather Recent period (19th century) have been preserved without great alteration. Gaga has its source in the 8th century. The Non was established in the 1 5th century, and Samisen was in full bloom in the 1 7th-19th centuries. Cannibalize music appeared to make its influence felt in Japan. The music of this instrument is usually in the pure traditional style.

Same-Sex Marriages Legal Or Not Essays - LGBT History,

Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Or Not? I. Introduction The proposed legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of American family law. The potential consequences, positive or negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, social structure, public health and the status of women are enormous. Given the importance of the issue, the value of comprehensive debate of the reasons for and against legalizing same-sex marriage should be obvious. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage entails legally imposed financial responsibility and legally authorized fina ncial benefits (Cox 42). Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation, succession of a deceased spouse's property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults desire a contract in the eyes of the law, it doubles as a promise- to one another, their friends, and their family- to be responsible for the obligations of marriage, as well as to enjoy its benefits. Should the law prohibit their request merely because they are of the same gender? I intend to prove that because of Article IV of the United States Constitution, there is no reason why the Federal Government, or any state government, for that matter, should restrict marriage to a predefined heterosexual relationship. II. Marriage in Modern Society Marriage has endured a metamorphosis throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal, rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, may be grounds for a divorce (Stoddard 33). Societal changes have been felt in marriages over the past 25 years as divorce rates have increased, integrating into even those families of the upper-class. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriages or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in North America (Boston Globe 15A). III. The Fight to Legalize In the United States, efforts to legalize same-sex domestic partnerships have had limited success. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. reported that by mid-1995, thirty-six municipalities, eight counties, three states, five state agencies, and two federal agencies extended some benefits to, or registered [for official purposes], same-sex domestic partnerships (Gibson 132). In 1994, the California legislature passed a domestic partnership bill that provided official state registration of same-sex couples and provided limited marital rights and privileges relating to hospital visitation, wills and estates, and powers of attorney (169). While California's Governor Wilson eventually vetoed the bill, its passage by the legislature represented a notable political achievement for advocates of same-sex marriage. The most significant prospects for legalizing same-sex marriage in the near future are in Hawaii, where advocates of same-sex marriages have won a major judicial victory that could lead to the judicial legalization of same-sex marriage, or to legislation authorizing same-sex domestic partnership in that state. In 1993, in the case of Baehr v. Lewin, the Supreme Court of Hawaii vacated a state circuit-court judgement dismissing same-sex marriage claims and ruled that Hawaii's marriage law allowing heterosexual, but not homosexual, couples to obtain marriage licenses constituted gender discrimination under the state constitution's Equal Protection Clause and Equal Rights Amendment (New York Times 55). The case began in 1991 when three same-sex couples who had been denied marriage licenses by the Hawaii Department of Health brought suit in state court against the director of the department. Hawaii law required couples wishing to marry to obtain a marriage license (Los Angeles Times 1A). While the marriage license law did not explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage at that time, it used terms of gender that clearly indicated that only heterosexual couples could marry. The couples sought a judicial decision that would rule the law out as unconstitutional, as it prohibits same-sex marriage and allows state officials to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples on account of the heterosexuality